Intuthuko yemboni yezibambo zaseShayina Nakuba ukukhiqizwa kwezibambo zaseShayina kukhulu, izibambo zaqala sekwephuzile uma kuqhathaniswa namazwe angaphandle. Njengamanje, imakethe yezibambo zaseShayina isibe nkulu kakhulu. Ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo evame ukwenzeka kanye nemicimbi yokungcoliswa kwemvelo ilethe izinselelo ezinkulu namathuba ekuthuthukisweni kwezibambo zasekhaya. Nakuba inani elincane lezibambo lisadinga ukungeniswa, ngokombono wezindlela zokuthuthukiswa, izibambo ezikhethwe imboni yemishini eyisisekelo ziye zaneliseka ngokuyisisekelo eShayina.

Ukuhlaziywa okuphezulu nokwehlayo kwemboni ye-fastener

Imboni yeziqiniseko iphezulu kakhulu kubakhiqizi bezinto zokusetshenziswa ezifana nensimbi, ithusi, ne-aluminium. Kusukela ngo-2016, ngenxa yezici zomnotho omkhulu kanye nezinguquko ohlangothini lokuhlinzeka, intengo yezinto zokusetshenziswa embonini iyanda, kodwa empeleni iphezulu kakhulu entengo futhi ayinaso isisekelo sokwenyuka okukhulu. Nakuba izinguquko ohlangothini lokuhlinzeka zinomthelela omubi ekukhiqizweni kwezinto zokusetshenziswa, kusukela esimweni samanje sokuhlinzekwa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa, imboni isadinga izinto zokusetshenziswa eziningi kunezidingo, futhi umkhiqizo osele uyaqhubeka uthengiswa kwamanye amazwe, futhi kunabakhiqizi bezinto zokusetshenziswa eziningi futhi ezisatshalaliswa kabanzi. Ukunikezwa komkhiqizo okwanele kungaqinisekiswa, futhi ngeke kuthinte ukuthengwa kwezinkampani zeziqiniseko.

Ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa kwezibambo, abahlinzeki bemishini bahlinzeka ngemishini yokucubungula efana nemishini yokudweba ucingo, imishini yokubopha insimbi ebandayo, kanye nemishini yokugoqa ucingo. Izimboni ze-mold ziklama futhi zikhiqize i-mold ngokwezidingo zebhizinisi. Izitshalo zokuguqula izinto zihlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zokubopha insimbi, ukudweba ucingo kanye nezinye izinsizakalo zokuguqula izinto. Zihlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zokulungisa ukushisa komkhiqizo, izitshalo zokulungisa ubuso zihlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zokulungisa ubuso njenge-galvanization.

Emaphethelweni aphansi embonini, imikhiqizo yezibambo isetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni ehlukahlukene yezimboni, okuhlanganisa izimoto, izitimela, imishini, izinto zikagesi kanye nezinto zikagesi. Njengensimu eyinhloko yokusetshenziswa kwezibambo, imboni yezimoto izoba ukwesekwa okubalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwezibambo. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezibambo zezimoto, okuhlanganisa kakhulu izibambo ezijwayelekile, izibambo ezingezona ezejwayelekile, ezinye izingxenye zemishini ezijwayelekile kanye nezinye izingxenye zemishini ezingezona ezejwayelekile, njll. Izibambo zezimoto ziqala phambili embonini yezibambo iyonke. Umuntu oyedwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isidingo sezibambo kwezokuthutha ngesitimela, izinto zikagesi kanye neminye imikhakha naso sikhulu kakhulu, futhi sikhula ngokushesha.

Ukuhlaziywa kwesidingo semboni ye-Fastener

Njengoba imboni yemishini iyisiqondiso esiyinhloko sokuhlinzekwa kwezikhonkwane, ukukhuphuka nokwehla kwemboni yezikhonkwane kuhlobene kakhulu nentuthuko yemboni yemishini. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, imboni yemishini ibonise ukuthambekela okukhuphukayo, ngaleyo ndlela ikhuthaza intuthuko yemboni yezikhonkwane. Ngokombono wezimboni ezihlukanisiwe, imboni yezimoto, imboni yokulungisa, imboni yokwakha, kanye nemboni ye-elekthronikhi yizona ezisebenzisa kakhulu izikhonkwane. Njengendawo eyinhloko yokusetshenziswa engezansi ye.izibophezelo, imboni yezimoto izohlinzeka ngokusekelwa okubalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwezibophezelo.

Imboni yezimoto yomhlaba wonke isebenze kahle ngo-2017, igcina ukukhula okuhle iminyaka eyisishiyagalolunye ilandelana, ngamazinga okukhula okukhiqiza kanye nokuthengisa ahlanganisiwe angu-4.2% kanye no-4.16%, ngokulandelana. Isimo sokukhiqiza kanye nokuthengisa emakethe yezimoto zasekhaya siqine kakhulu, ngamazinga okukhula ohlanganisiwe angu-8.69% kanye no-8.53% kusukela ngo-2013 kuya ku-2017, ngokulandelana. Ukukhula kwemboni kuzoqhubeka eminyakeni eyi-10 ezayo. Ngokusho kwedatha yocwaningo evela e-China Automotive Technology and Research Center, inani eliphakeme lokuthengiswa kwezimoto zaseShayina kulindeleke ukuthi libe cishe yizigidi ezingama-42, kanti ukuthengiswa kwezimoto zanamuhla kungama-28.889 million. Ukuthengiswa okungenzeka kwezimoto eziyizigidi ezingu-14 kulo mkhakha kubonisa ukuthi imboni yezimoto yaseShayina isagcwele amandla emakethe yesikhathi esiphakathi neside, okungaletha amathuba amahle okuthuthukiswa kwemboni ye-fastener.

Imboni ye-3C ihlanganisa amakhompyutha, ezokuxhumana, kanye ne-electronics yabathengi. Ingenye yezimboni ezithuthuka ngokushesha eShayina ngisho nasemhlabeni wanamuhla, futhi futhi iyimboni enezinamathiselo eziningi. Nakuba izinga lokukhula kwemboni yendabuko ye-3C liye lehla, isikhala semakethe yamasheya sisakhulu kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-PC, amaphilisi, kanye namafoni ahlakaniphile aseqalile ukungena endaweni yokuncintisana yoLwandle Olubomvu, futhi kuzoba khona impumelelo ekusungulweni kwezobuchwepheshe kwemikhiqizo yabo, okuzoletha izinhlelo zokusebenza ezintsha zobuchwepheshe kanye nezinguquko zenqubo. Intuthuko eqinile yemboni ye-3C izokwandisa isidingo sezinamathiselo.

Isimo semboni ye-fastener yaseShayina

Iqhutshwa ukuguqulwa nokuvulwa kweChina kanye nentuthuko eqinile yomnotho wezwe, imboni yeziqiniseko yaseShayina igcine umkhuba omuhle wokukhula iminyaka eminingi. Kusukela ngo-2012 kuya ku-2016, ukutshalwa kwezimali kwempahla engaguquki embonini yeziqiniseko yaseShayina kukhuphuke cishe ngama-yuan ayizigidigidi ezingama-25 ngo-2016. Ngaphezu kwama-yuan ayizigidigidi ezingama-40, ubukhulu bemboni buyaqhubeka nokukhula.

Ngokwanda kokutshalwa kwezimali embonini kanye nokukhula okusheshayo kwamabhizinisi, amandla okukhiqiza kanye nomkhiqizo wezikhonkwane kukhuphuke kakhulu. IShayina isibe yizwe elikhulu ekukhiqizeni izikhonkwane. Umkhiqizo wezikhonkwane ubekwe endaweni yokuqala emhlabeni iminyaka eminingi. Ngaphezu kwezigidigidi ezingama-70 zama-yuan.

Ngokusho kwezilinganiso ze-Fastener Industry Association yaseShayina, okwamanje kunezinkampani zokukhiqiza izibambo ezingaphezu kuka-7,000 eShayina, kanye namabhizinisi angaphezu kuka-2,000 angaphezulu kwesilinganiso kulo mkhakha, kodwa azikho izinkampani ezinkulu eziningi ezinenani eliphelele lomkhiqizo wezimboni elingaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-500 zama-yuan. Ngakho-ke, isilinganiso sisonke sezinkampani zezibambo zasekhaya sincane kakhulu. Ngenxa yesilinganiso esincane sezinkampani zezibambo zasekhaya kanye namakhono azo ocwaningo nokuthuthukiswa abuthakathaka, iningi lemikhiqizo yezibambo igxile emakethe esezingeni eliphansi futhi umncintiswano unzima; eminye imikhiqizo yezibambo ezisezingeni eliphezulu, zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu idinga inani elikhulu lokungeniswa. Lokhu kubangele ukuhlinzekwa ngokweqile kwemikhiqizo esezingeni eliphansi emakethe, kuyilapho imikhiqizo esezingeni eliphezulu enokuqukethwe okuphezulu kobuchwepheshe ingenakho ukuhlinzekwa okwanele kwasekhaya. Ngokusho kwedatha evela kuMnyango Wezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi, ngo-2017 ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwezibambo zaseShayina kwakungamathani ayizigidi ezingama-29.92, ngenani lokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe elingu-US $ 5.054 billion, ukwanda ngo-11.30% unyaka nonyaka; Ukungeniswa kwe-fastener kwakungamathani angu-322,000, kanti inani lokungeniswa laliyi-US $ 3.121 billion, okuwukwenyuka ngo-6.25% unyaka nonyaka. Iningi lemikhiqizo engenisiwe yimikhiqizo yekhwalithi ephezulu enokuqukethwe okuphezulu kobuchwepheshe.

Nakuba imboni yezibambo zaseShayina ikhiqiza kakhulu imikhiqizo ethile esezingeni eliphansi, izinkampani zezibambo zasekhaya ziyaqhubeka nokuguquka zibe izinkampani ezintsha, zifunda kokuhlangenwe nakho okuthuthukile kwamazwe ngamazwe, futhi zithuthukisa njalo imizamo yocwaningo oluzimele kanye nentuthuko yemboni yezibambo iminyaka eyishumi. Uma sibheka ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe be-patent obuhlobene nezibambo zaseShayina, inani lezicelo ngo-2017 lalingaphezu kuka-13,000, okucishe kube izikhathi ezingu-6.5 kunango-2008. Kungabonakala ukuthi amandla okusungula izinto ezintsha embonini yezibambo zaseShayina athuthuke kakhulu eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, okwenza isibambo sethu sithole indawo emakethe yomhlaba wonke.

Izikhonkwane, njengezingxenye zezimboni eziyisisekelo, zisetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni eminingi, futhi ziyisisekelo esibalulekile sokuguqulwa nokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni ezingezansi. Isiphakamiso esithi “Kwenziwe eShayina 2025” savula isethulo sokuguquka kweShayina kusuka emandleni okukhiqiza kuya emandleni okukhiqiza. Ukusungula izinto ezintsha okuzimele, ukulungiswa kwesakhiwo, kanye nokuguqulwa nokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni ezahlukene akuhlukaniseki nokuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kanye nekhwalithi yezingxenye eziyisisekelo, futhi kukhombisa nokuthi isikhala semakethe esingaba khona sezingxenye eziphezulu sizokwandiswa kakhulu. Kusukela ezingeni lomkhiqizo, amandla aphezulu, ukusebenza okuphezulu, ukunemba okuphezulu, inani elengeziwe, kanye nezingxenye ezingezona ezijwayelekile kuyisiqondiso sokuthuthukiswa kwezikhonkwane zesikhathi esizayo.