Izinamathiseli zensimbi engagqwali ziwumqondo wegama elithile lochwepheshe elihlanganisa imikhiqizo eminingi. Izinamathiseli zensimbi engagqwali zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukubopha izingxenye zomshini ezibiza kakhulu ngenxa yokubukeka kwazo, ukuqina kwazo, kanye nokumelana nokugqwala okunamandla.

 
Izinamathiseli ezijwayelekile zensimbi engagqwali zivame ukufaka izinhlobo ezingu-12 zezingxenye ezilandelayo:
1. Ibholthi: Uhlobo lwe-fastener oluqukethe ikhanda nesikulufu (isilinda esinentambo yangaphandle). Kudingeka lufaniswe ne-nut futhi lusetshenziselwa ukubopha izingxenye ezimbili ngezimbobo ezidlulayo. Lolu hlobo lokuxhuma lubizwa ngokuthi uxhumano lwe-bolt. Uma i-nut ikhishwe ku-bolt, izingxenye ezimbili zingahlukaniswa, ngakho uxhumano lwe-bolt luwuxhumano olususwayo.

2. I-Stud:Uhlobo lwe-fastener olungenakhanda futhi olunezintambo zangaphandle kuphela kuzo zombili izinhlangothi. Uma kuhlanganiswa, umkhawulo owodwa walo kumele ufakwe ngesikulufu engxenyeni enembobo yentambo yangaphakathi, omunye umkhawulo kumele udlule engxenyeni enembobo edlulayo, bese i-nut ifakwa ngesikulufu, noma ngabe izingxenye ezimbili zixhunywe ngokuqinile iyonke.

3. Izikulufo: Futhi ziwuhlobo lwezinamathiseli ezakhiwe ngezingxenye ezimbili: ikhanda nesikulufu. Zingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezintathu ngokuya ngokusetshenziswa kwazo: izikulufu zomshini, izikulufu ezibekiwe kanye nezikulufu zenhloso ekhethekile. Izikulufu zomshini zisetshenziswa kakhulu ezingxenyeni ezinembobo eqiniswayo. Ukuxhumeka kokubopha nengxenye enembobo edlulayo akudingi ukubambisana kwe-nut (lolu hlobo lokuxhumana lubizwa ngokuthi uxhumano lwesikulufu futhi luyisixhumanisi esingasuswa; lungasetshenziswa futhi nge-Nut fit, esetshenziselwa ukuxhumanisa izikulufu phakathi kwezingxenye ezimbili ezinembobo edlulayo.) Izikulufu ezibekiwe zisetshenziswa kakhulu ukulungisa indawo ehlobene phakathi kwezingxenye ezimbili. Izikulufu zenhloso ekhethekile njengezikulufu zamehlo zisetshenziselwa ukuphakamisa izingxenye.

4. Amantongomane ensimbi engagqwali: enezimbobo zangaphakathi ezinemicu, ngokuvamile ngesimo sesilinda esiyisicaba esinezinhlangothi eziyisithupha, noma isilinda esiyisicaba esiyisikwele noma isilinda esiyisicaba, esetshenziswa ngamabhawodi, izipikili noma izikulufu zomshini ukubopha izingxenye ezimbili. Yenze ibe yingcezu ephelele.

5. Izikulufo ezizithintayo: Kufana nezikulufo zomshini, kodwa izintambo eziku-screw ziyizintambo ezikhethekile zezikulufo ezizithintayo. Isetshenziselwa ukubopha nokuxhuma izingxenye ezimbili zensimbi ezincane ukuze zenziwe zibe yingcezu eyodwa. Imigodi emincane kudingeka yenziwe kusengaphambili esakhiweni. Njengoba lolu hlobo lwesikulufo lunobulukhuni obuphezulu, lungafakwa ngqo emgodini wengxenye ukuze kwenziwe ingxenye ephakathi. Yakha izintambo zangaphakathi ezisabelayo. Lolu hlobo lokuxhuma luphinde lube uxhumano olususwayo.

6. Izikulufo zokhuni: Zifana futhi nezikulufo zomshini, kodwa izintambo ezikulezi zikulufo ziyizintambo ezikhethekile zezikulufo zokhuni. Zingafakwa ngqo ezingxenyeni zokhuni (noma ezingxenyeni) futhi zisetshenziselwa ukuhlanganisa insimbi (noma engeyona insimbi) ngembobo edlulayo. Izingxenye zihlanganiswa ndawonye nengxenye yokhuni. Lokhu kuxhumana nakho kuyindlela yokuxhumanisa ekhishwayo.
7. Umshini wokuwasha: Uhlobo lwe-fastener olubunjwe njengendandatho egobile. Ibekwe phakathi kobuso obusekelayo bama-bolts, izikulufo noma amantongomane kanye nobuso bezingxenye ezixhunyiwe, idlala indima yokwandisa indawo yokuxhumana yezingxenye ezixhunyiwe, ukunciphisa ingcindezi endaweni ngayinye yeyunithi kanye nokuvikela ubuso bezingxenye ezixhunyiwe ekulimaleni; olunye uhlobo lwe-elastic washer, Ingavimbela futhi i-nut ukuthi ikhululeke.

8. Indandatho yokusekela:Ifakwe emseleni womgodi noma emseleni wemigodi yemishini nemishini, futhi idlala indima yokuvimbela izingxenye emseleni noma emgodini ukuthi zingahambi kwesobunxele nakwesokudla.

9. Izikhonkwane: Isetshenziswa kakhulu ekubekeni izingxenye endaweni yazo, kanti ezinye zisetshenziselwa ukuxhuma izingxenye, ukulungisa izingxenye, ukudlulisa amandla noma ukukhiya ezinye izikhonkwane.

10. I-Rivet:Uhlobo lwe-fastener oluqukethe ikhanda kanye ne-nail shank, olusetshenziselwa ukubopha nokuxhuma izingxenye ezimbili (noma izingxenye) ngezimbobo ukuze kube yizo zonke. Lolu hlobo lokuxhuma lubizwa ngokuthi i-rivet connection, noma i-riveting ngamafuphi. Lungolwe-connection engasuki. Ngoba ukuze kuhlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili ezihlanganisiwe, ama-rivets ezingxenyeni kumele aphuke.

11. Ama-Assemblies kanye nama-connection pairs: Ama-Assemblies abhekisela ohlotsheni lwezinamathiselo ezinikezwa ngokuhlanganiswa, njengokuhlanganiswa kwesikulufu esithile somshini (noma ibholithi, isikulufu esizihlinzekayo) kanye ne-washer eyisicaba (noma i-spring washer, i-locking washer): uxhumano I-pair ye-fasteners ibhekisela ohlotsheni lwe-fastener olunikezwa ngokuhlanganiswa kwamabholithi akhethekile, amantongomane nama-washer, njenge-pair ye-head bolts enkulu enezinhlangothi eziyisithupha enamandla amakhulu yezakhiwo zensimbi.

12. Izipikili zokushiselaNgenxa yezinamathiselo ezingafani ezakhiwe ngamandla okukhanya namakhanda ezinzipho (noma ezingenazo izinhloko zezinzipho), ziqinile futhi zixhunywe engxenyeni (noma ingxenye) ngendlela yokushisela ukuze zixhunywe kwezinye izingxenye ezijwayelekile zensimbi engagqwali.

Izinto
Izingxenye ezijwayelekile zensimbi engagqwali zinezidingo zazo zokukhiqiza izinto zokusetshenziswa. Izinto eziningi zensimbi engagqwali zingenziwa izintambo zensimbi noma izinduku zokukhiqiza izikhonkwane, okuhlanganisa insimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic, insimbi engagqwali ye-ferritic, insimbi engagqwali ye-martensitic, kanye nensimbi engagqwali eqinisa imvula. Ngakho-ke yiziphi izimiso lapho ukhetha izinto?

Ukukhethwa kwezinto zensimbi engagqwali kucabangela kakhulu izici ezilandelayo:
1. Izidingo zezinto zokubopha ngokwezakhiwo zemishini, ikakhulukazi amandla;
2. Izidingo zokumelana nokugqwala kwezinto ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza
3. Izidingo zokushisa okusebenzayo ekumelaneni nokushisa kwezinto (amandla okushisa aphezulu, ukumelana nomoya-mpilo nezinye izakhiwo):
Izidingo zenqubo yokukhiqiza ukuze kusebenze kahle ukucubungula izinto
5. Ezinye izici, njengesisindo, intengo, ukuthengwa kanye nezinye izici kumele zicatshangelwe.
Ngemva kokucatshangelwa okubanzi nokubanzi kwalezi zici ezinhlanu, izinto zensimbi engagqwali ezisebenzayo ekugcineni zikhethwa ngokwezindinganiso zikazwelonke ezifanele. Izingxenye ezijwayelekile kanye nezinamathiselo ezikhiqizwayo kufanele futhi zihlangabezane nezidingo zobuchwepheshe: amabhawodi, izikulufo kanye nezikulufo (3098.3-2000), amantongomane (3098.15-200) kanye nezikulufo ezisethiwe (3098.16-2000).