1. Umqondo
Ibhawodi eliyi-hexagonal yangaphandle liyisithasiselo sensimbi, esaziwa nangokuthi isikulufu esiyi-hexagonal yangaphandle, isikulufu esiyi-hexagonal yangaphandle noma ibhawodi eliyi-hexagonal yangaphandle.

2. Ukwelashwa kobuso
Enqubweni yokukhiqiza amabholidi, ukwelashwa kwendawo kungenye yezixhumanisi ezibalulekile. Kungenza indawo yebholidi ihlangabezane nezidingo ezithile futhi kuthuthukise ukumelana kwayo nokugqwala, amandla kanye nobuhle.
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezindlela zokwelapha ubuso ngamabhawodi, ezivamile yilezi ezilandelayo:
Ukugaya: Amabhawodi acwiliswa esixazululweni se-zinc, bese i-zinc imbozwa ebusweni bengqimba yamabhawodi ngengqimba ngokusebenzisa ukusabela kwe-electrochemical, okwenza angagqwali futhi angagqwali.
Ukushisa nge-galvanizing: Ngemva kokuba amabhawodi esekhiqizwe, acwiliswa oketshezini lwe-zinc oluncibilikisiwe, bese kwakheka ungqimba lwe-zinc phezu komhlaba ngokusebenzisa ukusabela kwamakhemikhali ukuze kufezwe imiphumela yokulwa nokugqwala, ukumelana nokugqwala neminye.
Ukwelashwa kokwenza kube mnyama: Ifilimu ye-oxide yensimbi emnyama yakheka ebusweni bebholithi ngokusebenzisa ukusabela kwamakhemikhali ukuthuthukisa ukumelana kwayo nokugqwala.
Ukwelashwa nge-phosphate: Cwilisa ibholdi esixazululweni se-phosphate ukuze wakhe ifilimu ye-phosphate ebusweni ukuze uthuthukise ukumelana kwayo nokugqwala.
Ukwelashwa kokuqina: Ngokusebenzisa ukushisa noma ukufafaza ubuso, kwakheka ungqimba lokugqoka olunobunzima obukhulu ebusweni bebholithi ukuze kuthuthukiswe amandla alo kanye nokumelana nokuguguleka.
Lokhu okungenhla kuyizindlela ezivamile zokwelapha ubuso bebholiti. Izindlela ezahlukene zokwelapha zihambisana nezimo ezahlukene zokusetshenziswa kanye nezidingo. Lapho kwenziwa ukwelashwa kobuso bebholiti, kumele kwenziwe ngokuhambisana nezindinganiso kanye nemininingwane efanele ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amabholiti aphathwe ahlangabezana nezidingo zokusebenza ezifanele.

3. Ukusebenza kwezinga
Ilebula lebanga lokusebenza lebhawodi langaphandle elinezinhlangothi eziyisithupha liqukethe izingxenye ezimbili zezinombolo, ezimelela ngokulandelana inani lamandla okudonswa kanye nesilinganiso samandla okukhiqiza sezinto zebhawodi.
Isibonelo, ibhawodi elinezinga lokusebenza elingu-4.6 lisho ukuthi:
a. Amandla okuthambekela ajwayelekile ento yebhawodi afinyelela ku-400MPa;
b. Isilinganiso samandla okukhiqiza sezinto zebholithi singu-0.6;
c. Amandla okukhiqiza ajwayelekile ezinto zebholithi afinyelela ezingeni lika-400×0.6=240MPa
Izinga lokusebenza lama-bolts angu-10.9 anamandla aphezulu, ngemva kokwelashwa ngokushisa, angafeza:
a. Amandla okuthambekela ajwayelekile ento yebhawodi afinyelela ku-1000MPa;
b. Amandla okukhiqiza ajwayelekile ezinto zebholithi afinyelela ku-1000×0.9=900MPa.

4. Umehluko phakathi kwamabhothi angaphandle avamile anezinhlangothi eziyisithupha kanye namabhothi angaphandle anezinhlangothi eziyisithupha anamandla aphezulu
Amabhawodi avamile anezinhlangothi eziyisithupha angasetshenziswa kabusha, kodwa amabhawodi anamandla aphezulu awakwazi ukusetshenziswa kabusha.
Amabhawodi anamandla aphezulu ngokuvamile enziwa ngensimbi enamandla kakhulu enguNombolo 45 (8.8s), 20MmTiB (10.9S), futhi angamabhawodi acindezelwe. Ngezinhlobo zokungqubuzana, sebenzisa isikrufu se-torque ukuze usebenzise i-prestress echaziwe, futhi ngezinhlobo ezithwala ingcindezi, vula ikhanda le-torx. Amabhawodi ajwayelekile ngokuvamile enziwa ngensimbi evamile (Q235) futhi adinga ukuqina kuphela.
Amabhawodi ajwayelekile ngokuvamile ayibanga lesi-4.4, ibanga lesi-4.8, ibanga lesi-5.6 kanye nebanga lesi-8.8. Amabhawodi anamandla aphezulu ngokuvamile ayibanga lesi-8.8 kanye nebanga lesi-10.9, kanti ibanga lesi-10.9 yilona elivame kakhulu.
Izimbobo zezikulufo zamabholithi avamile azinkulu kangako kunezamabholithi anamandla aphezulu. Eqinisweni, izimbobo ezivamile zamabholithi zincane kakhulu.