Wonke umakhenikha uwasebenzisile, kodwa iningi alazi ukuthi zingaki izinhlobo ezahlukene zama-washers akhona, ukuthi enziwe ngezinto zini, nokuthi angasetshenziswa kanjani kahle. Eminyakeni edlule, sithole imibuzo eminingi mayelana nama-washers, ngakho-ke isihloko sobuchwepheshe esabelana ngolwazi ngala madivayisi ehadiwe sesiphelelwe yisikhathi.

Muva nje sixoxe ngobuciko bokwenza izibambo ezisebenza kahle kakhulu nge-Automotive Racing Products, Inc. (ARP), simboza ngokuphelele izinto ezithinta inhliziyo zale ndaba. Sekuyisikhathi sokuhlonipha ingxenye yesibambo evame ukuthathwa kalula, i-washer ethobekile.

Ezigabeni ezilandelayo, sizoxoxa ngokuthi yiziphi izihlanzi, izinhlobo ezahlukene zezihlanzi, ukuthi zenzani, zenziwa kanjani, ukuthi zisetshenziswa kuphi futhi nini - futhi yebo, sizoxoxa ngisho nokuthi izihlanzi ziqondisa ngqo noma cha.

Ngokuvamile, i-washer imane nje iyipuleti elifana nediski, elifana ne-wafer elinembobo phakathi nendawo. Nakuba umklamo ungase uzwakale uyisidala, ama-washer empeleni anikeza umsebenzi oyinkimbinkimbi. Avame ukusetshenziswa ukusabalalisa umthwalo we-fastener enezintambo, njenge-bolt noma i-cap screw.

Zingasetshenziswa futhi njengezikhala - noma kwezinye izimo - zingaba yiphedi yokuguguleka, idivayisi yokukhiya, noma ngisho nokusetshenziswa ukunciphisa ukudlidliza - njenge-washer yerabha. Umklamo we-washer oyisisekelo uqukethe ububanzi bangaphandle obukhulu kabili kunobubanzi bangaphakathi be-washer.

Ngokuvamile zenziwe ngensimbi, ama-washer angenziwa ngepulasitiki noma irabha — kuye ngokuthi asetshenziswa kanjani. Emishinini, ama-bolt joints asezingeni eliphezulu adinga ama-washers ensimbi aqinile ukuvimbela ukungena kwe-indent ebusweni be-joint. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-Brinelling. Lokhu kungena okuncane kungagcina kuholele ekulahlekelweni komthwalo wangaphambi kwesikhathi kwi-fastener, ukuxokozela, noma ukudlidliza okweqile. Njengoba isimo siqhubeka, lokhu kunyakaza kungasheshisa kube okunye ukuguguleka okuvame ukuchazwa njengokuqhekeka noma ukugabha.

Ama-washer asiza nasekuvimbeleni ukugqwala kwe-galvanic, isimo esikhona lapho izinsimbi ezithile zihlangana. Enye insimbi isebenza njenge-anode, kanti enye isebenza njenge-cathode. Ukuze kuncishiswe noma kuvinjelwe le nqubo kusukela ekuqaleni, kusetshenziswa i-washer phakathi kwe-bolt noma i-nut kanye nensimbi ehlanganisiwe.

Ngaphezu kokusabalalisa ngokulinganayo ingcindezi phezu kwengxenye eqinisiwe nokunciphisa amathuba okulimaza ingxenye, ama-washer ahlinzeka nangobuso obubushelelezi be-nut noma i-bolt. Lokhu kwenza i-joint eqinisiwe ingabi lula ukuxega uma kuqhathaniswa nobuso obungalingani bokubopha.

Kukhona amawashi akhethekile aklanyelwe ukuhlinzeka ngesivalo, indawo yokumisa kagesi, ukuvumelanisa i-fastener, ukubamba i-fastener, ukuvikela uthuli, noma ukunikeza ingcindezi ye-axial ejoyintini. Sizoxoxa kafushane ngala mawashi akhethekile embhalweni ongezansi.

Sibone nezindlela ezimbalwa zokusebenzisa ama-washer ngendlela engafanele njengengxenye yejoyinti eliboshwe. Kube nezimo eziningi lapho ochwepheshe bemithi yomthunzi besebenzise ama-bolt noma amantongomane amancane kakhulu ngobukhulu engxenyeni abajoyinayo. Kulezi zimo, i-washer inobubanzi bangaphakathi obufanelana ne-bolt, kodwa, ayivumeli ikhanda le-bolt noma i-nut ukuthi ishelele phakathi kwembobo yengxenye ehlanganiswayo. Lokhu kubangela inkinga futhi akufanele neze kuzanywe noma kuphi emotweni yomjaho.

Ngokuvamile, omakhenikha bazosebenzisa ibholithi elide kakhulu, kodwa elingenazo izintambo ezanele, elingavumeli ukuthi ijoyinti liqiniswe. Ukufaka ama-washer ambalwa esinqeni njengesikhala kuze kube yilapho i-nut iqiniswe kufanele futhi kugwenywe. Khetha ubude bebholithi obufanele. Ukusebenzisa ama-washer ngokungafanele kungaholela ekulimaleni noma ekulimaleni.

Ngokuvamile, kunezinhlobo eziningana zama-washer akhiqizwa emhlabeni namuhla. Amanye enzelwe ukusetshenziswa ngqo ezingodweni zokhuni kanti amanye enzelwe izinjongo zokufaka amapayipi. Uma kukhulunywa ngezidingo zezimoto, uchwepheshe we-R&D we-ARP, uJay Coombes, usitshela ukuthi kunezinhlobo ezinhlanu kuphela ezisetshenziswa ekunakekelweni kwezimoto. Kukhona i-washer elula (noma i-flat washer), i-fender washer, i-split washer (noma i-lock washer), i-star washer, kanye ne-insert washer.

Ngokuthakazelisayo, ngeke uthole i-washer ehlukanisiwe ezinhlinzekweni ze-ARP ezinkulu ze-fastener. “Ziwusizo kakhulu ngezibambo ezincane ezinobubanzi obuphansi ezimweni zomthwalo ophansi,” kuchaza uCoombes. I-ARP ivame ukugxila ezibambo zomjaho ezisebenza kahle kakhulu ezisebenza ngaphansi kwezimo zomthwalo ophezulu. Kunezinhlobo zalezi zinhlobo zama-washer ezifeza izinjongo ezithile, njenge-washer ecacile enezimbobo ngaphansi.

I-washer eyisicaba iyindlela ekhethwayo yokulamula phakathi kwekhanda lebholdi (noma inathi) nento enamathiselwe. Inhloso yayo eyinhloko ukusabalalisa umthwalo we-fastener eqinisiwe ukuze kuvinjelwe umonakalo endaweni yokuhlangana. “Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ngezingxenye ze-aluminium,” kusho uCoombes.

I-American National Standards Institute (ANSI) inikeze isethi yezindinganiso zokusetshenziswa okuvamile, ama-washer alula adinga izinhlobo ezimbili. Uhlobo A luchazwa njenge-washer enokubekezelelana okubanzi lapho ukunemba kungabalulekile khona. Uhlobo B luyi-washer eyisicaba enokubekezelelana okuqinile lapho ububanzi bangaphandle buhlukaniswa njengobuncane, obujwayelekile, noma obubanzi ngosayizi wabo webholithi (ububanzi bangaphakathi).

Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, ama-washer ayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunencazelo elula evela enhlanganweni eyodwa. Eqinisweni, kuneziningana. I-Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) ihlukanisa ama-washer alula ngobukhulu bezinto ezibonakalayo, anobubanzi obuncane ngaphakathi nangaphandle uma kuqhathaniswa nendlela inhlangano ye-United States Standards (USS) echaze ngayo ama-washer ayisicaba.

Izindinganiso ze-USS ziyizindinganiso zama-washer asekelwe kumasentimitha. Le nhlangano ichaza ububanzi bangaphakathi nangaphandle be-washer ukuze ikwazi ukwamukela izintambo ezinkulu noma ezinkulu ze-bolt. Ama-washer e-USS avame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlotsheni zezimoto. Njengoba izinhlangano ezintathu zichaza izindinganiso ezintathu ezahlukene zama-washer alula, kusobala ukuthi ama-washer ayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunalokho ukubukeka kwawo okulula okungaholela noma ubani ekukholweni.

Ngokusho kukaCoombes we-ARP, “Ubukhulu kanye nekhwalithi yewashi ngokwayo kufanele kucatshangelwe kahle. Kufanele ibe nobukhulu nobukhulu obanele ukuze isabalalise kahle umthwalo.” UCoombes uyanezela, “Kubaluleke kakhulu futhi ukuthi iwashi libe yisihlabathi esilinganayo futhi lisicaba ngokuphelele kulezo zicelo ezibalulekile ezinemithwalo ephezulu ye-torque. Noma yini enye ingabangela ukungalingani kokulayisha kusengaphambili.”

Lawa amawashi anobubanzi obukhulu kakhulu bangaphandle ngokulingana nomgodi wawo ophakathi. Aklanyelwe futhi ukusabalalisa amandla okubopha, kodwa ngenxa yobukhulu obukhulu, umthwalo usakazwa endaweni enkulu. Sekuyiminyaka eminingi, lawa mawashi esetshenziswa ukuhlanganisa ama-fender ezimotweni, yingakho igama lawo libizwa kanjalo. Amawashi ama-fender angaba nobubanzi obukhulu bangaphandle, kodwa ngokuvamile enziwa ngezinto ezincane.

Ama-washer ahlukanisiwe anokuguquguquka kwe-axial futhi asetshenziselwa ukuvimbela ukukhululeka ngenxa yokudlidliza. Isithombe sivela ku-www.amazon.com.

Ama-washer ahlukanisiwe, abizwa nangokuthi ama-washer asentwasahlobo noma okukhiya, anokuguquguquka kwe-axial. Lawa asetshenziselwa ukuvimbela ukukhululeka ngenxa yokudlidliza. Umqondo ongemuva kwama-washer ahlukanisiwe ulula: Asebenza njengesiphethu sokucindezela into enamathiselwe kanye nekhanda lebhawodi noma i-nut.

I-ARP ayikhiqizi lawa mawashi ngoba izinamathiseli eziningi ezidlala indima ebalulekile enjinini, ku-drivetrain, ku-chassis, kanye naku-suspension ziqiniswe ku-torque spec ethile, kusetshenziswa amandla okubopha afanele. Amathuba amancane noma awekho okuthi isinamathiseli sikhululeke ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ithuluzi.

Iningi lonjiniyela liyavuma ukuthi umshini wokuwasha wesipilingi — uma ucindezelwe ngezimfuneko eziphakeme — uzonwebeka ngezinga elithile. Uma lokho kwenzeka, umshini wokuwasha ohlukanisiwe uzolahlekelwa ukucindezeleka kwawo futhi ungaphazamisa ngisho nokulayisha kusengaphambili okunembile ijoyinti eliboshiwe.

Ama-star washer anezimbobo ezinwebeka ngaphakathi noma ngaphandle ukuze zilume ebusweni be-substrate ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuthi i-fastener ingakhululeki. Isithombe sivela ku-www.amazon.com.

Ama-star washer asebenza cishe njenge-split washer. Ahloselwe ukuvimbela i-fastener ukuthi ingakhululeki. Lawa ama-washer anezinsika ezinwebeka ngobubanzi (ngaphakathi noma ngaphandle) ukuze zilume ebusweni bengxenye. Ngokwedizayini, kufanele "angene" ekhanda/e-nut kanye ne-substrate ukuvimbela i-fastener ukuthi ingakhululeki. Ama-star washer avame ukusetshenziswa ngama-bolts amancane nezikulufu ezihambisana nezingxenye zikagesi.

Ukuvimbela ukujikeleza, ngaleyo ndlela kuthinte ukunemba kokulayisha kusengaphambili, kuye kwashukumisela i-ARP ukuthi ikhiqize ama-washer akhethekile afakwe i-serpent ngaphansi. Umqondo uwukuba abambe into enamathiselwe futhi ahlinzeke ngeplatifomu ezinzile.

Esinye isihlanzi esikhethekile esikhiqizwe yi-ARP yi-insert-type washer. Zenzelwe ukuvikela ingxenye ephezulu yemigodi ukuvimbela ukugoba noma ingxenye ephezulu yembobo ukudilika. Ukusetshenziswa okuvamile kufaka phakathi amakhanda esilinda, izingxenye ze-chassis, nezinye izindawo eziguga kakhulu ezidinga isihlanzi.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukugcoba kudlala indima ebalulekile ekulayisheni kusengaphambili okunembile. Ngaphezu kokufaka ukugcoba ezintanjeni ze-fastener, kunconywa ukuthi ufake inani elincane ngaphansi kwekhanda le-bolt (noma i-nut) noma ngaphezulu kwe-washer. Ungalokothi ugcobe ngaphansi kwe-washer (ngaphandle kokuthi imiyalelo yokufaka isho okuhlukile) ngoba awufuni ukuthi ijikeleze.

Ukunaka ukusetshenziswa kahle kwemishini yokuwasha kanye nokugcoba kuyinto efanele ukucatshangelwa yiwo wonke amaqembu omjaho.

Yakha iphephandaba lakho elenziwe ngokwezifiso ngokuqukethwe okuthandayo okuvela ku-Chevy Hardcore, ngqo ebhokisini lakho lokungenayo, MAHHALA ngokuphelele!

Sizokuthumelela izihloko ze-Chevy Hardcore ezithakazelisa kakhulu, izindaba, izici zezimoto, namavidiyo njalo ngeviki.

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